Middle Ages

Thursday, February 12

In the Middle of What?  The Middle Ages Begin!
Main Idea:  After Rome fell in the West about 500 AD, there was no protection in Europe.  This led to feudalism, less learning, and the loss of a common language.
 
Vocabulary
* Middle Ages---A period between the Fall of Rome in 500 AD and the beginning of the Renaissance in around 1400.
*Medieval--Having to do with the Middle Ages  (Do you like medieval music?)
*Dark Ages--A term for the early part of the Middle Ages, from 500-1000, called that because it was a time of war, disease, and little learning.
*Reasons for Middle Ages
       1. Fall of Rome--no Roman army to protect Europeans
       2. Vikings---attack the undefended areas by using LONGBOATS that can go up most rivers
 
       3. Destruction of Trade Routes--trade became dangerous and all but died out, emptying out the cities.
       4. People move from cities back to the land in order to survive and grow food.

*Learning Declines
*Loss of a common language.  Lack of trade and interaction cause those in different parts of the Empire that spoke Latin to develop new ways of speaking it and languages develop---Spanish, Italian, French, Portuguese, etc. 

Take the American dialect quiz HERE
dialect-quiz-map-1387497098032-superJumbo-v3.jpg

Friday, February 13


The Franks Build an Empire!

Main Idea:  A Germanic tribe called the Franks built a large empire, saved Europe from a Muslim invasion, and spread Christianity and Learning in Central Europe.
  • Germanic Tribes--Tribes who lived in what is now France and Germany
  • Franks---a Germanic tribe that united many smaller tribes into a large one.
  • Clovis--Frankish leader who became a Christian and made all Franks Christian
  • Roman Catholic Church under Clovis:
    • monasteries--religious centers where monks lived and studied
    • St. Benedict--wrote rules for monks
  • Charles "The Hammer" Martel---Frankish leader who defeated a large Muslim army at the...
  •  Battle of Tours in 732 AD, saving Europe from becoming Muslim.
  • Pepin the Short--Charles' son.  He rescues the Pope and is anointed by the pope as King of the Franks.
  • Franks become protectors of the Popes
  • Charlemagne--Charles the Great
    • expanded the Frankish empire
    • spread Christianity
    • encouraged learning and the spread of learning
    • crowned emperor of Rome by the Pope
  • After Charlemagne's death, Kingdom weakens.
  • Treaty of Verdun---Charlemagne's large kingdom divided three ways among his grandsons, who lose it. 
  • If Charlemagne's heirs had been as good as he, the Middle Ages may have ended 500 years sooner.
If you missed it:  Watch the video about early Middle Ages HERE  start at 8:32
                           Battle of Tours:  Charles 'The Hammer' Martel defeats the Muslims and saves Europe
                           Charlemagne Video (10 minutes)

Tuesday, February 17
Finished information on Pepin the Short and Charlemagne
Finished videos and MME

Wednesday, February 18

Feudalism

Main Idea:  Feudalism developed in Europe out of people's need for protection from invasions from Vikings, Muslims and others.
  • Feudalism:  the exchange (trade) of land for military service and taxes
  • Lord:  Landowner, usually a king or high official
  • Vassal:  Someone given land by the lord in exchange for military service and taxes
  • Knight:  a highly-trained mounted warrior who fights for a vassal
  • Peasant:  a farmer
  • Serf:  a peasant tied to the land
  • Tithe:  10% of all manor earnings go to the Roman Catholic Church, maThking it very wealthy.
  • Manor or Fief:  Land given to a vassal by a lord.
Video links:  Overview of Feudalism (Under five minutes)
                     Life on an British Feudal Manor (7 minutes)
                     How a Water Mill Works  (3 minutes)
A Medieval Manor
A Medieval Manor

The Feudal Pyramid







Thursday, February 19



Castles

Main Idea:  Castles were the main line of defense in the Middle Ages and became very advanced.
  • Motte and Bailey Castle:  early castle with wooden stockade, moat and an inner keep on a hill.
Keep:  the inner section of a castle and the safest part in an attack.
Moat:  a trench around the outer wall of a castle
Curtain:  another name for the castle wall
Chapel:  the church in the castle
Gate Tower:  heavily-fortified entrance to the castle
Great Hall:  the largest room, where the occupants ate, entertained, and many of the lower residents slept.
Crennelation:  the zig-zag teeth on top of the castle walls used to protect those inside
Arrow Loops: allowed archers to shoot through the wall without exposure
Seige:  to surround a castle and try to make it surrender.
Students who missed class need to watch the videos on Youtube of David Maccauley's 'Castle' at Castles: Part One  (Part One)
Castles: Part Two (Part Two)
Castles: Part Three  (Part Three)
Castles: Part Four  (Part Four)  Total Time of all four is under one hour.
Friday, February 20
Finish Castle  
Quiz on Castles and Early Dark Ages on Monday

Monday and Tuesday   There will be notebook checks.  Fourth period will be on Monday and Third Period will be on Tuesday.

Rubric for Notebook and Journal February
I.  Notes
1.        Martin Luther King
2.       Judaism
3.       Jews vs. Rome
4.       MLK/Judaism Quiz
5.       Beginnings of Christianity
6.       Rise of Christianity
7.       Early Christian Church: Beliefs and Hierarchy
8.       The Empire Splits
9.       The Fall of Rome
10.    Greco-Roman Legacy
11.   Study Guide Fall of Rome/Legacy/Byzantine Empire
12.   Middle Ages Begin
13.   Franks Build an Empire
14.   Feudalism
15.   Castle
II.  Journal

1.        Minimum of twenty in complete sentences

     Study Guide

                                       Early Middle Ages

                                           Morris 2015

1.        The Middle Ages is a period between _______________, that ended in _____________, and the ________________________ which began in __________________.
2.       The reason/s the Middle Ages began is/are ___________________________________________.
3.       The Middle Ages are sometimes called the Dark Ages for three reasons. What are they?
4.       Define Classical Learning.
5.       Why did the Latin language become a bunch of different dialects and eventually languages during the Middle Ages?
6.       What made the Roman Catholic Church so powerful and wealthy in the Middle Ages?
7.       The ________________ were a powerful Germanic tribe that lived in what is now _________________ and _______________________.
8.       Match the following Frankish leaders with what they accomplished
a.       Clovis
b.      Charles Martel
c.       Pepin the Short
d.      Charlemagne
9.       What is the importance of the Battle of Tours and who fought in it?  How would Western Civilization have been different if the other side had won?
10.   Name four things Charlemagne did that make him great.
11.   Why do many scholars think that the Middle Ages would have been shorter if Charlemagne’s descendants had been more like him?
12.   Why did most people move from cities and towns to the country after the Fall of Rome?
13.   The feudal system was caused by people’s need for _____________________.
14.   What invaders attacked Western Europe in the early middle ages, leading to feudalism?
15.   Be able to draw and label the feudal pyramid.
16.   The land given to a vassal by the king is called a _______________ or ____________________.
17.   Describe a typical feudal manor. 
18.   Define feudalism.
19.   How did feudalism benefit the peasants?   How did it benefit the vassals?  How did it benefit the king?  How did it benefit the Catholic Church?
20.   What is the difference between a freeman and a serf?
21.   What is a tithe?
22.   What was the purpose of a castle?
23.   The first castles were called ___________________________.
24.   What is a keep?  Moat?  Crenulations?  Arrow Loops?  Murder Holes? 
25.   How else was a castle defended?
26.   What is a siege?  What are some ways a castle could be taken by those attacking it?
27.   Why did castles go obsolete?
28.   What was the Holy Roman Empire?  Why was a German the emperor of Rome?
29.   What is a monastery? Who was St. Benedict?
30.   All learning in the early middle ages took place in _________________.  All learning was done in the language of ______________________.
31.   What was life like for a peasant in the middle ages?
32.   How were castles used to take over rebellious areas?

 Thursday, February 25

Knighthood, Chivalry and Women 

Main Idea:  Many of our modern ideas about love and romance come from Medieval concepts of courtly love and chivalry (such as opening doors, etc).  But women were less respected than men in the Middle Ages, and in the working classes, the life of a girl and woman was short, dangerous, and out of her control
.chivalry2

  • Chivalry---the code of conduct for knights that stressed loyalty to God, feudal lord and lady fair.
  • Knight--a heavily armed and armored mounted warrior loyal to a vassal. 
    • Page --- age seven to 14.  Train in chivalry and non-fighting skills
    • Squire--age 14-12--take care of knight's horse, armor, etc.  train with weapons
    • Knight--must do an act of heroism.
    •  
  • Destrier--a large war horse
  • Epic Poems--long narrative poems, simliar to the ones during Greek and Roman times.  In the Middle Ages, many epics dealt with either a quest or a conflict between the different loyalties of a knight. For example, the conflict between love and loyalty, or love and duty. 
  • Troubadours--early songwriters/musicians who sang while they played an instrument, usually a lute or other stringed instrument.  They sang of courtly love and chivalry, making it sound more romantic and exciting.  They helped give us our modern love songs and the concept of romantic love.
  • Women in the Middle Ages:   could not inherit land if daughter, started working as child, married at 12, had many children, most died, childbirth dangerous, arranged marriages, only escape was to become a nun.
  • Catholic Church--women no real power, no women priests, could only be nuns.
Watch the following if gone:
Medieval French song with lute.
Life of Women in the Middle Ages
Knighthood
Knight in Training
A Modern Knighthood Bestowed by Queen Elizabeth

Friday, February 27

 Creating a Medieval Coat of Arms

Main Idea:  Knights in the Middle Ages took the items that they wore or used in battle and created coats-of-arms, which allowed them to show off their 'colors' in their manors.  We still use coats-of-arms on a regular basis in the U.S. and the rest of the Western World, and even in the rest of the world.
Coats of Arms Elements
  An example of a coat of arms is below.
Not shown---the base, which supports the bottom of the coat of arms.  It can be a grassy area, rock or some other solid structure.
Coats of Arms Rubric
Total possible   50 points
1.  Shield (5 points)
2.  Helmet/Headgear (5 points)
3.  Wreath  (5 points)
4.  Crest/Plume  (5 points)
5.  Mantle  (5 points)
6. Supports (2)  (5 points)
7.  Base  (5 points)
8.  War Cry  (5 points)
9.  Neatness (5 points)
10.  Color  (5 points)
Watch this video if you are gone:  Coats of Arms: Origins
What do all the animals, colors, and so forth mean?  Check this link.

Monday, March 2

Students registered with the counselor for 10th grade.

Tuesday, March 3

In addition to the Coat of Arms lesson, we will be doing a lesson on cathedrals as shown below.

Cathedrals: Cities of God
Main Idea:  In the middle ages, giant structures called cathedrals were built to honor God.
  • Cathedral:  a large church that is the home church of a bishop.  Cathedra means chair, because the bishop had his chair there. A cathedral also housed holy relics.
  • Relic:  a piece of a saint or other sacred object kept in a church and visited by pilgrims.
  • Stained Glass:   told stories from the Bible and church history in pictures, because most people in the Middle Ages could not read or write.
  • Romanesque Architecture:  short, squat, small windows and heavy walls. Early cathedrals were in this style because the walls had to be thick to suppor the roof.
  • Gothic Architecture:  tall, graceful churches with large windows and narrow supports, made possible by buttresses.
  • Flying Buttresses:  an external support that holds up a wall.
  • Gargoyle:  a stone statue used on the outside of a cathedral, often as a drain spout.
Watch the Video to Learn More:  Cathedral by David Macauley

 Sample Coats of Arms from Former Students









A couple of funny ones:


 Thursday and Friday, March 5-6

 Work on Coats of Arms
Quiz Friday on Vocab--Chivalry, Women, Cathedrals, Coats of Arms
Teacher Evaluation Friday

 Tuesday, March 11, 2015


                     Church versus King Smackdown:  Round One

Main Idea:  The kings of Europe struggled with the Roman Catholic church for power during the Middle Ages.  One king, Henry IV, tried to name his own bishops (lay investiture) and was excommunicated by the Pope Gregory VII.  He then had to beg forgiveness.

  • Canon Law--church law that ALL Roman Catholics must follow
  • Sacraments--important religious ceremonies that all people need to get into heaven
  • Excommunication--to be denied church sacraments.  kicked out of the church. Basically, this means you will go to hell when you die.
  • Papal Interdict--When a pope cuts of sacraments to everyone in a given area. 
  • Henry IV--Holy Roman Emperor, challenged Pope Gregory over Lay Investiture and was excommuncated.
  • Lay Investiture--when a king names his own religious officials, including bishops and other clergy
  • Pope Gregory VII--reform pope, excommunicated Henry IV
  • Concordat (Agreement) of Worms (1122) -- Compromise--Pope names bishops, king can veto
Thursday, March 12

The Rise of Islam

Main Idea:  A new religion began on the Arabian Peninsula in 622 with visions by Mohammad the Prophet.  This religion spread quickly until it had taken over much of Arabia, the Holy Land, North Africa and Spain.  Muslims preserved learning during the Dark Ages.

Vocab:
Islam--means 'submission'.  Religion started by Muhammad in 622.  Over 1 billion followers today
Muslim-- a follower of Islam
Muhammad--the prophet of Islam, recited the holy book Koran
Koran--Muslim holy book
Mosque-a Muslim house of worship
Mecca--holiest city in Islam, home of the Great Mosque
Five Pillars of Islam--1. Prayer five times a day  2.  Fasting in Ramadan.  3. There is one God and Muhammad is his prophet  4. Pilgrimage to Mecca  5.  Alms to the Poor 
Baghdad--capital of eastern Muslim empire.  Great center of learning.
Cordoba--capital of Muslim Spain.  Great center of learning.
Achievements
   1.  Translated Greek and Roman learning
   2.  Medical textbooks
   3.  Algebra and Math
   4. Astronomy
   5. Optics
   6. Art and Calligraphy
   7. Literature
   8. Arabic Numerals 



Friday, March 14

Crusades: Causes

                        
Main Idea:  The Crusades were holy wars between European Christians and Middle Eastern Muslims that have caused distrust ever since.

Crusades:  wars between 1096 and 1204 to free the holy land.
Pilgrimage:  a journey to a holy place to receive forgiveness of sins.
Holy Land:   the land in the Bible where Jesus lived and taught.  (Now Isreal)
Pope Urban:  called for Crusades to free the Holy Land
Muslims:    followers of Muhammad who lived in the Holy Land
Islam:   The religion of Muhammad, believers in the same God as the Jews and Christians
Causes of Crusades:
1.  Holy Land controlled by Muslims and the worry that Muslims would not let Christians make pilgrimages to the Holy Land.
2. Constantinople (Eastern Roman Empire) asks west for help against Muslims.
3.  Troublesome knights in Europe threatening the people and the church.  Sending on a crusade would get rid of them.
4. Landless younger sons.  Younger sons could not inherit land.  This way they could seek their fortune in the holy land.
5. Adventure
6. Forgiveness of sins
7.  Merchants wanting wealth

Monday, March 16

Crusades Study Guide/Skeleton Notes
You will need a textbook to do this.  We are doing it in class on Wednesday and Thursday this week.
  Causes of the Crusades

1.        Crusades means _____________________________
2.       The main reason for the Crusades was _____________________________.
3.       Why was the Holy Land holy to Christians, and why did Christians want to be able to go to the Holy Land?_____________________________________
4.       In 1093, a call for help was sent to Europe by _______________ in Constantinople.
5.       Pope __________ called for the Crusades.
6.       Give four main causes of the crusading spirit.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6. Using page 340, give three good things that could happen to a person as the result of going on a crusade.
                                1.
                                2.
                                3.
7.  Using page 340, give three bad things that could happen to a person as a result of going on a crusade.
                                1.
                                2.
                                3.
8.  It was easy to identify a person on the Crusades, because they wore a ____________.

The First Crusade
1.        In the First Crusade, most of the warriors were from _________, but there were also five other nationalities that had many warriors.  These were ______________________________________________________.
2.       Only ____________ Crusaders, about ____% of  those who left Europe, made it to Jerusalem.
3.       On ___________, _________ the Crusaders captured Jerusalem.  How did they treat those they captured?_______________________________
4.       The Crusaders managed to capture a narrow strip of land _________ miles long called the ____________________.
5.       In _____________, the Muslim forces recaptured the Crusader state of _____________.



The Second Crusade
1.        The Second Crusade’s goal was to _____________________.
2.       The result of the Second Crusade was ______________________.
3.       The brilliant Muslim military leader who defeated the Crusaders was named ___________.

The Third Crusade
1.       The Third Crusade ended in a _________ when Richard the Lion-Hearted and Saladin reached a compromise.  What was the compromise?  ________________________________________________________________________

The Fourth Crusade
1.       In ______, a new pope, ___________, called the Fourth Crusade.  The goal of this Crusade was to _____________________.
2.       Instead, the Crusader army sacked the city of __________________.  This caused a split in the Christian church.

Children’s Crusade
1.       The Children’s Crusade began in __________.  What was the result of this crusade?

Reconquista
1.        The goal of the Reconquista was __________________.
2.       In ______________, the____________ were driven out of Spain.
3.       Christians in Spain then went after people in Spain who disagreed with Christianity, especially _________ and __________.   
4.       Those persons suspected of ___________ (people whose religious beliefs were different from the Catholic Church’s teachings)   were rounded up in the Spanish _________________.
5.       In the year _____________, all the practicing ___________ and ____________ were driven out of Spain.

Inquisition Videos to watch if gone
The Siege of Jerusalem

If you are gone Thursday and Friday, watch these two videos for an overview of the Crusades:
Crescent and the Cross: Part One
Crescent and the Cross, Part Two

Tuesday, April 8

                            Effect of the Crusades

Main Idea:  The Crusades had both good and bad results, none of which were intended.
1. Feudal lords lose power
2. Catholic Church loses power
3. Trade increases between Europe, Middle East and Africa
4.  Many knights and others die
5. Byzantine Empire does not trust Europe any more
6. Muslims do not trust Europe any more
7. Power of kings increases
8. Tolerance for Jews and Muslims decreases
9. Italian city-states become wealthy
10. European technology improves thanks to contact with Muslims

Muslim Spain
1.  Moor--a Spanish Muslim
2. Cordoba--important Moorish city in Spain
3. Al Hambra---famous mosque

Map of the Crusades Assignment


Wednesday, March 18

 I.  Changes in Farming


  • around 800 AD the climates begins to warm, allowing for longer growing seasons, crops farther north, and more food
  • The three-field system replaces the two-field system.  Two field allowed 50% of fields to be planted, the other 50% fallow to recover.  Three-field system meant one field was used for the main crop, one was fallow, and the third grew a high-nitrogen, high-protein crop of legumes, such as beans,peas, or lentils.  This made the soil better, improved nutrition, and meant 66.6% of the land was being farmed rather than 50%.
  • Metal plow--could plow deeper than a wooden plow
  • Horse replaces oxen.  Horse could plow twice as much land in a day.  The invention of the chest harness made this possible.


 II.  Growth of Towns

  • now that not everyone was needed to farm, because of the improvements, people began moving to the new towns that began to grow around 1000 AD.
  • Towns did not belong to feudal lords, but to the king.  No need to serve a feudal lord
  • Town air makes you free.  If you were a serf, and you could escape to a town for one year and one day, you became a free man or woman.
  • Re-birth of trade due to the Crusades.  More products and trade routes.


III.  Guilds

  • Guild--a group of skilled craftsmen who did the same trade and joined together to protect their product quality, keep prices high, and take care of retired members.
  • Steps in a guild:
    • Apprentice--as a child, a person lives with a master craftsman and works for free in exchange for training, room, and board.  After seven years or so, an apprentice would become a journeyman.
    • Journeyman--a craftsman who has passed apprenticeship.  Can now work for wages and can move from place to place.  When he gets enough skill, he will make a masterpiece.
    • Masterpiece--a work that proves that a journeyman is a master craftsman.
    • Master--a craftsman who is a member of the guild and has created a masterpiece



 IV.  Surnames

 With the growth of towns, more than one person had the same first name, so last names, or surnames, came into use.  Most surnames described a person's job (baker, smith, miller, brewer, etc), described them (Tall, etc) or was the place of where they were from.

Videos to Watch

Medieval Towns
Guilds

Thursday, March 19

 Discrimination Against Jews in Europe

Main Idea:  Jews were discriminated against in Europe for nearly 2,000 years, from the time of the Diaspora in 70 AD until the Holocaust in World War Two in 1938-1945.  This was because Jews were allowed to lend money at interest while Christians were not and because the Church taught that the Jews were the killers of Jesus Christ.  They were also kept isolated in ghettos and not allowed to do most jobs.
  • Diaspora:  the spreading out of the Jews after they were expelled from Israel by the Romans in 70 AD.  Most went to Russia and Europe.
  • Reasons for Discrimination
    • laws against USURY  (lending money at interest).  Christians were taught Usury was a sin, but Jews were allowed to lend money at interest.  This made Christians equate the Jews with sin.
    • Catholic church taught that the Jews as a people were the killers of Jesus, when it had only been a small segment of the Jewish population that had wanted him killed.  The Romans actually killed Jesus, and Jesus and his early followers were all Jewish.
    • Jews were forced to live apart from the rest of Europeans and were considered strange and different.









  • In Medieval Europe, Jews were NOT ALLOWED TO:
    • live in Christian parts of town.  They had to live in isolated Ghettos (Places where Jews were allowed to live)
    • Own land (so could only work for others)
    • Be in guilds or hold skilled work.  Only exceptions were:  money-lending (banking), metal-working, and clothing production.



          • **If gone, watch the movie from minute 17:50 onwards.  "The Longest Hatred: Europe and the Jews"


          Monday, March 30

          The Triple Whammy:  War, Plague and Schism, Part One

          Main Idea:  The 1300's had three big events that ended the Middle Ages and launched the Renaissance.  These were the 100 Years War, the Black Plague, and the Great Schism.

          I.  The Bubonic Plague
          •      killed between 1/3 and 1/2 of Europe's population.  20-25 million die.
            • raised the value of workers by making them scarce
            • made the Catholic Church weak
            • Ended feudalism
            • farmland becomes pasture
          •     What is the Black Plague?
            • contagious, often fatal disease spread by fleas on rats.
            • started in China, spread to Europe by trade routes
            • rats came on ships
            • swelling of lymph nodes, fever, coughing, chills, death
            Videos Used (Watch if gone)  (Total Viewing Time is roughly 24 minutes)We watched a two-minute clip in class, but this video covers the lesson very well and should be used if you missed the lesson.

            Tuesday, March 30

            The Triple Whammy, Part II:   The Great Schism and the 100 Years War     
             II.  The Great Schism split for 39 years and never regained its former power afterwards.
            • Schism--split
            • Pope Boniface--commands French king Philip IV to stop naming his own bishops (Lay investiture) in a Papal Bull.
            • Papal Bull--an order from the Pope that must be obeyed
            • Philip ignores the bull and instead arrests and imprisons Boniface, who dies
            • Philip names a new pope and moves the church from Rome to Avignon, France.
            • Another pope is selected in Rome.  There are now two popes.
            • 1414:  Council of Constance:  All three popes fired and a new one is named.
            • New men disagree with Church:
              • John Wycliffe--Englishman.  Believes humans do not need the Catholic church to get into heaven but only need the Bible.  He translates the Bible into the English vernacular.
              • John Huss--Czech priest who agrees with Wycliffe.  He is burned at the stake for heresy.
            • Videos to watch if gone

            III.  The 100 Years War 1337-1453 led to the extinction of knights because of the longbow, and made England and France into strong, unified nations.
            • Cause:  King of France dies without a male heir (sound familiar) and the English king claims the throne as a relative.
            • Longbow:  an invention that led to the extinction of knights.  It was as tall as a man, could shoot arrows up to 300 yards, and could kill at up to 200 yards.  It had a greater range than the crossbow and could unhorse knights.  The longbowmen were easier to train than knights, required little or no armor, and could win in hand-to-hand combat with knights because they were lighter.
            • Battle of Crecy (France):  British longbowmen defeat heavily-armored French knights.
            • Battle of Augincourt (France):  Same thing, same result.
            • War made the kings of England and France stronger, and led to nationalism.  Love of country.
            • Joan of Arc:  young French peasant girl who received messages from God to lead the French army in battle.  She was victorious, but later captured and burned at the stake as a witch.
            If you are gone, watch these clips: 
            1.  Joan of Arc Biography in Cartoon Format
            2.  Henry V's Band of Brothers Speech/Shakespeare Augincourt
            3.  How to Shoot an English Longbow
            4.  The Longbow: Weapons that Made Britain
            5.  As Tears go By Augincourt

             Wednesday, April 1

            Rise of England and France

            Main Idea:  England and France become nations with strong kings, but the kings end up sharing power with the people after the people refuse to pay taxes until they are given rights.

             I. England

            • Norman Conquest--1066--French Normans invade England across English Channel and William, their leader, claims English throne.
            • Battle of Hastings 1066--William the Conqueror defeats Saxon English
            • Common Law--laws in England collected over hundreds of years, became the basis of England's  law system. 
            • King John--got England in debt. bad leader.  needed money.  called nobles to get money
            • Magna Carta--"Great Charter" 1215    Nobles forced John to sign before they would give him any more funds
              • no taxation without representation
              • trail by jury
              • equal protection under the law
            • Parliament--created in 1295 as a body to represent English citizens.  2 townsmen and 2 knights from every area of England go to London and vote on any requests from the king.  They become the House of Commons.  Later, a House of Lords is added.
            II.  France
            • In France, there are three groups, called Estates.  
              • First Estate--Catholic Church
              • Second Estate--Nobles
              • Third Estate--Commoners  (most of population)
            • This would cause issues later when the Estates General was formed, because the First and Second Estate would vote together, and outvote the Third Estate.  
            Videos to watch:  The Animated Bayeux Tapestry  (Under five minutes)


            Thursday, April 2

            High Middle Ages Review Sheet
            Morris-2015

            1.       How were universities different from monasteries and other religious schools?
            2.       What does secular mean?
            3.       Why did Philip IV arrest the Pope?
            4.       During the schism, what city did the popes live in?
            5.       What agreement ended the Great Schism?
            6.       What is that agreement called?
            7.       How did the Great Schism hurt the Catholic Church?
            8.       How did John Wycliffe challenge the Catholic Church?
            9.       What language did Wycliffe translate the New Testament into?  What language had the Bible been always written in before this?
            10.   According to Wycliffe, the ultimate authority of the church is ______.  How did this differ from church teachings?
            11.   What was the cause of the One Hundred Years War?  Who fought in it?  Who won?
            12.   How did the English win the battles of Crecy, Poitiers, and Augincourt?
            13.   How did these battles lead to the extinction of the knight in European warfare?
            14.   Who was Joan of Arc?  Where was she from?  Why was she an unlikely leader?
            15.   What happened to Joan of Arc and why?
            16.   What is nationalism?
            17.   How did the 100 Years War lead to a rise in nationalism in England and France?
            18.   What caused the Bubonic Plague?  Where did it come from?  How as it carried and transmitted?
            19.   The Plague killed _____ of Europe’s population.
            20.   What were some of the symptoms of the Plague?
            21.   What were four effects of the Plague on European history?
            22.   Why did the church lose power because of the Plague?
            23.   How did the Plague help end the feudal system and lead to the Renaissance?
            24.   Who were the Normans and where did they live?
            25.   Why did William the Conqueror invade England?  In what year?
            26.   At what famous battle did William defeat his English rival Harold Godwinson?
            27.   What is common law and how was it formed in England?
            28.   Why was King John forced to sign the Magna Carta?  What rights did it give the people of England?  What American document is modeled after it?
            29.   What is Parliament and why was it formed?  What American political body is modeled after it?
            30.   What caused the Great Schism? What does Schism mean?
            31.   The legislative body in France was called the _______________.

            Monday, April 6

            Sub
            Watch this video on the Renaissance
            While watching, write whether each of the following statements is True or False.
            Introduction to the Renaissance                                                                               Name
            True and False Quiz                                                                                        Period
            Morris—Monday, April 6

            Directions:  As you watch the video, write TRUE if a statement below is True and FALSE if a statement below is false. 

            1.       ______ The word Renaissance means Rebirth.
            2.       ______ The Renaissance began in Spain.
            3.       ______  The Renaissance began around the year 1300.
            4.       ______ The Renaissance ended about the year 1615.
            5.       ______  Renaissance scholars were fascinated by the learning of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
            6.       ______ The Greeks were known for their great roads.
            7.       ______  Rome loved Greek learning so much that Rome copied a lot of it.
            8.       ______  Rome had over 500,000 miles of paved roads by 100 AD.
            9.       ______ The major language of Rome was Germanic.
            10.    ______  Rome fell in the year 576 AD.
            11.   _______ Rome fell to people from what is today called Germany.
            12.   ______   The Middle Ages is called the Middle Ages because it falls between the Greek and Roman times and the Renaissance.
            13.   ______  In around 1100, a period called the Dark Ages began. 
            14.   ______  By 1200, more than 10% of Europe’s population was either a monk, a priest, or a nun.
            15.   ______  The study of the world around us using reason was called humanism.
            16.   ______  At the beginning of the Renaissance,  Italy was made up of city-states.
            17.   ______  Two important city-states were Florence and Venice.
            18.   ______  The leaders of many city-states used their wealth to support the arts. 
            19.   ______   Renaissance art is more realistic. 
            20.   _______  Renaissance artists glorified the human body in their art. 
            21.   ______    During medieval times, cutting into a human body was illegal. 
            22.   _______  What invention of the telescope allowed men to study small objects like bacteria.
            23.   _______ The invention of the microscope allowed men to study small objects. 
            24.   _______  Renaissance castles still had tall walls for protection.
            25.   ______    Renaissance castles had comfortable furniture and huge gardens.
            26.   _______  Renaissance churches were darker and had smaller windows than Medieval Gothic cathedrals.
            27.   ______  Renaissance astronomers discovered that the earth was at the center of the universe.
            28.   ______  Galileo was charged with heresy by the Catholic Church for saying the earth is not the center of the universe and that it spins on its axis.
            29.   ______ The printing press made books more expensive than they had been in the Middle Ages.
            30.   ______  Moveable type could be re-used to print books.
            31.   ______  A German priest named Martin Luther became pope and made the church strict.
            32.   ______ Martin Luther broke from the Catholic Church because he thought it was corrupt.
            33.   ______ Those who broke from the Catholic Church were called Protestants.
            34.   ______  The most important exploring nation of the Renaissance was Portugal.
            35.   _____  Columbus accidentally discovered the continents of North America and Africa. 

            World History 9 Review Sheet
            Revolutions in England and France
            Morris 2015

            Note:  On this test, you will be allowed to use all the notes you can fit on one side of a three inch by five inch piece of paper or a three inch by five inch index card.  The card must be hand-written (and can be as small as you want).  It can not be typed or computer-generated, and cannot be shrunken down by computer.  If you don’t have one on test day, you are out of luck. 

            1.       What was the role of Parliament in England?  How had it gained those rights?  Parliament represented the English people.  Its role was to represent the people and approve taxes. 
            2.        Why was Charles I forced to call the Parliament into session?  How long had it been since Parliament had met in England?  He needed money for wars.  Parliament hadn’t met in 175 years. 
            3.       What rights did Charles grant to the English people at this meeting? Writ of Habeas Corpus, No quartering of soldiers, no martial law in peacetime, no taxation without representation
            4.       Did Charles live up to his end of the bargain?  Why or why not?  No.  He signed it and then ignored it.
            5.       What caused the English Civil War? The English people supported Parliament against the King and fought against the King’s forces.
            6.       Who were the Cavaliers?  Who were the Roundheads? Cavaliers fought for the King, Roundheads fought for the Puritans.
            7.       Who won the English Civil War?  Who became the leader of England?  Puritans.  Oliver Cromwell.
            8.       What happened to Charles after the war?  He was imprisoned and later beheaded.
            9.       How did Oliver Cromwell’s religious beliefs effect the lives of people in England?  He was a Puritan and passed laws outlawing plays, sports, and drinking on Sunday.
            10.   After a new king was restored to the English throne, what happened to the body of Oliver Cromwell and why?  It was dug up, hanged, and beheaded.
            11.   Was Louis XIV a good king?  How did his actions help bring about the French Revolution? Opinion, but he did spend money on wars and himself leading to massive debt.
            12.   Louis XIV repealed the __________________, a law that granted religious freedom to all Frenchmen.  What was the effect of his repeal?  Edict of Nantes.  This made the Protestants leave France, resulting in a brain drain.
            13.   Louis built a giant palace called ________________.  It had ____________ rooms, plus parks and fountains.  Versailles.  2000.
            14.   Why was Louis called the Sun King?  Because he believed everything revolved around him.
            15.   Why did Louis say “L’etat c’est moi” and what does it mean?  “I am the state”, meaning I am France and everybody else does my will.
            16.   Why did Louis build this palace?   To keep track of his nobles.
            17.   How did Louis make France weak?  He spent huge amounts of money on war and himself.
            18.   Name the Three Estates in France at the eve of the revolution.  Who was in each estate?  First Estate—Church.  Second Estate—Nobles.  Third Estate—Everyone else.
            19.   The First Estate was made up of ____________.  It owned ___ percent of the land and paid ___ percent taxes.  Church, 10%, 2%.
            20.   The Second Estate was made up of the _____________.  It owned ____ percent of the land and paid ___ taxes.  Nobles, 20%, 0%
            21.   The Third Estate was made up of ______________________.  The top level of this estate was made up of the _____________________, who were educated, as well as the _____________, who paid as much as ________ percent of their wages in taxes and tithes.  Everyone else, bourgeoisie, peasants, 50%.
            22.   Who was the king at the beginning of the French Revolution?  Who was his wife?  Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette.
            23.   The queen, _________________, was also known as _____________ because she loved to spend money. Marie Antoinette, Madame Deficit
            24.   Was the Estates General a fair system?  Why or why not?  No, the top two estates always outvoted the bottom estate 2-1.
            26.   Why did the Third Estate abandon the Estates General?  What did they form instead?  They felt they were not represented fairly.  They formed the National Assembly.
            27.   What is the significance of the Tennis Court Oath?  It created a new government.
            28.   Who were the bourgeoisie?  What had inspired them to want change in France?  Upper middle class.  They were educated and knew about the enlightenment changes in Britain and the US.
            29.   What is the significance of the storming of the Bastille?  What is the Bastille?  It was a fort that was stormed to get gunpowder.  It is the beginning of the French Revolution.
            30.   Give the month, day and year of the Storming of the Bastille.   July 14, 1789
            31.   After the Bastille, what did many peasants and serfs do in the feudal manors?  They looted and burned them, destroying records tying them to the land.
            32.   Why did other nations in Europe attack France after the death of Louis XVI?  They were afraid the revolution would spread.
            33.   How was Louis XVI executed?  Why was the guillotine invented?  Guillotine.  To be more humane and cause less suffering.
            34.   About _____________ French people died in the revolution, including _____ just during the Reign of Terror.  40,000. 3,000
            35.   Why do we call politicians leftists or rightists?  How is it related to the National Assembly in France?  The Radicals sat on the left in the National Assembly and the Conservatives sat on the right.
            36.   What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?  What influenced it?  What did it say, in general?  It was the French constitution stating the 17 main rights of all Frenchmen.  It was influenced by the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution.  It said all men were free and equal.
            37.   The radical group that seized power in France was called the _________________.  One of its main leaders was named ____________________.  Jacobins.  Robespierre.
            38.   During the Reign of Terror, why was the Committee of Public Safety formed, and by whom?  It punished those who disagreed with the Jacobins.  It was formed by the Jacobins.
            39.   Why did the Jacobins change things like the calendar, playing cards, and religious holidays?  They wanted to get rid of all hint of royalty and religion and use science and reason.
            40.   How did Napoleon Bonaparte become well-known in France during the Revolution?  He won victories for the Revolutionary Army.
            41.   What happened to the Jacobins at the end of the Reign of Terror?  Why?  They were executed because people feared them and thought they had gone too far.
            42.   When the National Assembly was reformed, it had two legislative bodies.  This was called a _______________ legislature.  It also had a ____________ of five men.  Bicameral.  Directory.
            43.   Define:
            a.       Phrygian cap—cap worn by revolutionaries, modeled after a freed Roman slave’s cap
            b.      Sans cullotte—a revolutionary wearing long pants.
            c.       Marsellaise—the French national anthem.
            d.      Radical—a person who wants fast and dramatic change.
            e.      Moderate—a person who wants slower change.
            f.        Conservative—a person who wants things to basically stay the same.
            44.   Critical thinking questions, such as:
            a.       Could the French Revolution have been avoided?
            b.      Why was the French Revolution more violent than the American Revolution?
            c.       Could England have remained a republic without a king if the Puritans had ruled differently?
            d.      Are people born with rights or do they only get them from the state?


            44.   Scientific Revolution—these will all be matching
            a.       Geocentric---   earth center of universe
            b.      Heliocentric--    sun center of universe
            c.       Copernicus--  came up with heliocentric theory
            d.      Galileo    proved heliocentric theory, tried by church, also pendulums and falling objects
            e.       Newton   theory of gravity
            f.       Boyle      all matter made up of small particles
            g.      Leeuenhoek   microscope
            h.      Keppler          planets move in ellipses
            i.        Jenner             smallpox vaccine
            j.        Harvey           Heart is a pump
            45.  Explorers—these will all be matching
            a.       Bartolomeo Dias   first to go around bottom of Africa
            b.      Vasco de Gama     first to sail to India
            c.       Prince Henry the Navigator   founded school for navigators in Portugal
            d.      Magellan    first to sail around the world
            e.       Treaty of Tordesillas    treaty that divided world into two parts, Spanish and Portuguese
            f.       Cortes   explored Mexico
            g.      Columbus  found North America by mistake
            h.      Caravel    a ship with triangular sails that can sail into the wind
            i.        Astrolabe    a device that allows you to navigate using the stars
            46.   Why did Europeans look for a sea route to Asia?  Who dominated trade up to that time?  Italy controlled trade routes using Arab middlemen.
            47.  Name several products from Asia and India that Europeans wanted.    Spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, pepper, ginger etc to make food taste better, plus hoping for gold.
            Study Guide
            Industrial Revolution/Russian Revolution
            HARD COPY

            Obviously the majority of this test will be on the Industrial Revolution, since we did not finish the Russian, but you are responsible for everything through the Theory of Marxism at the minimum.
            Test will be matching and multiple choice.

            Industrial Revolution
            1.        What is revolution?  What different types of revolution are possible?  A time of drastic change in society.  Many—peaceful, political, musical, cultural.
            2.       During what century did the Industrial Revolution begin?  1800s
            3.       Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?  Why?   England.  It had many raw materials and colonies.
            4.       What kind of revolution was the Industrial Revolution?  How did things change?  It was a revolution of manufacturing and invention.  Machines began to do the work of people and horses.
            5.       What was life like before the Industrial Revolution?  People lived in small towns and farms and made things by hand locally.
            6.       What was/is mercantilism and how did colonial nations use mercantilism to get wealthy?  Mercantilism is importing raw materials from colonies and then selling the same colony a finished good for a profit.  Ex.  Importing wood and then selling back furniture.
            7.       What was the first industry in England that was mechanized?  Textiles.
            8.       Why were children often used as labor in the Industrial Revolution?  They were cheaper
            9.       What was the original power source for machinery at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?  Water power.
            10.   What took the place of this source later on?  Coal, steam, electricity.
            11.   Who invented the steamboat?  Robert Fulton.
            12.   How does a steam engine work?  Steam enters a chamber and compresses a cylinder.
            13.   What was Macadam and why was it important?  Pavement that allowed for faster travel.
            14.   Why was the telegraph such an important invention?  Allowed for fast messages between places far away.
            15.   Who was the American inventor who improved the telegraph?  Samuel Morse.
            16.   Morse Code is made up of _________________.  Dots and dashes.
            17.   Why was the Transatlantic Cable such an important development?  Allowed people to communicate between Europe and the US in minutes rather than weeks.
            18.   What kinds of protection did workers have in factories during the Industrial Revolution?  Did they have a maximum work week/minimum wage/health care etc?  Why or why not?  None.  No.  They had no rights because there were so many workers that they were easily replaced if they disliked conditions for complained.
            19.   What was the importance of Upton Sinclair’s book ‘The Jungle’?  Book about the meat-packing industry in Chicago that showed how bad working conditions were and how bad the meat was.  It made the US change laws of pure foods and drugs.
            20.   What did the book tell about?  Meat-packing industry—bad working conditions and unsanitary food.
            21.   What American president helped reform Food and Drug laws?  Teddy Roosevelt.
            22.   What was life like in an industrial city for a worker?  Crowded, diseased, slummy, hard.
            23.   Who were the Robber Barons?  Super-wealthy industry-owners.
            24.   What good acts did the Robber Barons do after they made their fortunes?  They gave a lot of it to education and libraries, etc.
            25.   What are some good effects of the Industrial Revolution?  Higher standard of living in the long run.
            Russian Revolution
            1.       Russia is ranked ___ in size in the world, with ____ time zones.   #1, 11
            2.       Why is most of Russia empty of people?   Cold climate, huge distances, isolation.
            3.       The ____ settled in Russia in the 800s, mixing with the _________ to create the Russian people.  Vikings, Slavs.
            4.       The Russians got much of their culture from __________________________.  Give examples.   Constantinople.  Orthodox religion, Cyrillic alphabet, architecture.
            5.       Where does the Cyrillic alphabet come from?  Turkish and Greek.
            6.       Before the revolution, Russia was ruled by a _________________.  Tsar (king)
            7.       Communism was a response to __________________________.   (the industrial revolution)
            8.       The creator of communism is ________________________.  Karl Marx
            9.       Karl Marx believed that capitalism was a bad system because _______________________.  The rich get rich and the poor get poorer.
            10.   Under communism, what would happen to all property?  It would be owned by everybody.
            11.   Who is the father of the Russian Revolution?  Lenin.
            12.   Who was Stalin?  Leader after Lenin. 




            No comments:

            Post a Comment

            Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)