The Enlightenment and the Revolutions that Followed

Monday, April 27

Let There Be Blood: Part One:  England

Main Idea:  The Age of Absolutism ended in England with the beheading of Charles I, triggering a Civil War.
Charles I loses his head 1649

  • Divine Right--the ancient belief that the right of a king to rule is given by God
  • Henry VIII--English king, started own church, ruled with Parliament
  • Elizabeth I--Henry VIII's daughter, great queen, ruled with Parliament
  • James I--Calvinist, son of Mary Queen of Scots.  Had Bible translated to English in a version still used but didn't get along with Parliament.
  • Charles I--needed money to fund wars, couldn't get it without calling the Parliament. Parl. said no money without rights
  • Parliament- made up of two houses, the House of Commons (two knights and two townsmen from each area of England) and the House of Lords (Nobles).  
  • Charles needs money, agrees to grant rights to English through Parliament
    • Habeas Corpus---cannot imprison citizens without just cause
    • no taxes without Parliament's consent
    • no quartering of soldiers in private homes
    • no martial law (shoot to kill) during peacetime
  • Charles I signs the agreement, then refuses to honor it and in fact dissolves (dismisses) Parliament
  • Mob attacks palace.  Charles flees to Northern England.
  • Civil War--Loyalists/Cavaliers (loyal to king) versus Puritans/Roundheads (those who want him overthrown)
  • Roundheads led by brilliant general, Oliver Cromwell
  • 1646 Roundheads win
  • 1649 Charles in beheaded.
Oliver Cromwell, Roundhead Leader
Video Clip  Charles I
Video Clip:  Monarchs by Permission Only: The Black Rod

 Friday, May 1

        Oliver Cromwell and the Restoration
·         1649 Cromwell takes power

·         Puritan Morality in England:  shuts down plays, sports and other entertainment

·         Cromwell tolerates all faiths except Catholic

·         Ireland:  Wars with Ireland cost Ireland 600,000 plus lives thru famine, war, and plague

·         1658: Cromwell dies, Parliament invites Charles I’s son Charles II to become king

·         Restoration: the return of the English monarchy

·         Writ of Habeas Corpus:  cannot hold someone without telling them of charges.

·         James II:  son of Charles II, Catholic, angers many in England

·         Tories:  political party that supports James

·         Whigs: political party that supports Parliamentary power

·         These are the granddaddys of modern political parties, including in the US

Monday, May 4

 Louis XIV and Royal Absolutism

Main Idea:   Louis XIV (14th) is the ideal example of an absolute monarch--one who believes he can rule without any checks and balances.  Louis' rule will lead to a bankrupt nation and then to the French Revolution. 

Louis XIV--1638-1715.  Powerful French king.  Wanted glory for France.  Controlled his nobles at Versailles.  Built Versailles.  Persecuted Protestants.  Fought wars that ruined his economy.

"L'etat c'est moi" -- Louis's statement, in French, that "I am the state"--meaning he himself was the ruler of France and nobody else.

Sun King--This was Louis's nickname, and golden suns were on his clothing, shields, furniture and palace.  Just as the planets revolve around the sun, so the kingdom and its people revolved around him.


Edict of Nantes--passed under Louis's father.  Gave all French religious freedom.  Louis canceled it, leading many leading French protestants to move out of France, causing a brain drain.

Palace of Versailles--huge palace with 2,000 rooms and miles of gardens 13 miles outside of Paris.  Louis expanded it to fit many of his important nobles so that he could better control them. 

Patron of the Arts--Louis loved art and patronized many types of art, especially ballet and theater, but also sculpture and other forms.

Disastrous Wars--wanting glory, Louis fought a series of wars that he didn't win but which hurt his economy and made France many enemies.

Rising Debt--the debt under Louis skyrocketed and France's economy suffered.  

Video Links:   

Louis XIV Mini Biography

Palace of Versailles and Louis XIV

Time-Lapse History of Versailles  

 Tuesday, May 5

The Causes of the French Revolution

Main Idea:  The French Revolution was caused by poor government, royal absolutism, wars, Enlightenment ideas about government, and an unfair system that rewarded the wealthy while hurting the poor.

1.  Poor government:  French kings had all but bankrupted France on war and lavish spending.

2.  Inequality:  There were three estates (levels of people) in France, called the Three Estates

  •   First Estate:  The Church:  owned 10% of the land.  Provided public services such as schools, orphanages and hospitals.  Paid 2% in taxes

  •  Second Estate:  The Nobles.  Owned 20% of land, paid zero tax

    Third Estate--everybody else, 98% of the population,  from the upper middle-class down to peasants.   Paid almost all the taxes.   Peasants, 80% of the population,  paid 50% tax rate, including church tithe.  

 3.  Estates General---parliament.  Each of the estates represented but each get 1/3 of the vote.  Third Estate always outvoted.


4. Bourgeousie--the upper middle class.  educated.  had gotten enlightenment ideas on government from the Revolution in the United States and the writings of philosophers.  

5.  Enlightenment Ideas---Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood

6.  Louis XVI needs money, forced to call Estates General for first time in 175 years.

7.  Crop failures lead to shortages of food for the poor.

8.  Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette waste large amounts of money on luxuries and war.

9.  Third Estate locked out, forms own government at a Tennis Court, the Tennis Court Oath creates the National Assembly.

10.  Louis XVI calls in mercenaries to Paris.  People storm the Bastille fort to get guns and ammunition on July 14, 1789.  Bastille Day is France's fourth of July or Independence Day. 

Video Links:  Causes of the French Revolution Part One

The Storming of the Bastille, July 14, 1789. 

Causes of Revolution Song

The Guillotine 

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette 

Adapted Notes for French Revolution
For centuries, the quality of life in Europe had been determined by the status that one held. This status could not be attained, but was instead determined by the family to which someone was born. If you were born to a poor family, your life would be one of poverty. No matter how hard an individual worked, it was impossible to rise above this fate.
This gap between the wealthy and the poor created resentment. Those at the bottom saw the wealthy grow increasingly richer, while the poor got nothing.
Then, in 1776, something unthinkable happened. A group of people at the bottom of society rebelled against those who were at the top, and what was more remarkable, they won. The British Colonies in America declared their independence and then enforced it by beating back the most powerful military on Earth.

This sent shockwaves throughout Europe, and gave hope to many poverty-stricken peasants who wanted to see the powerful aristocracies of Europe fall. If America could do it, why couldn’t they? Why couldn’t they rebel and create a new, fairer society?

Nowhere was the divide between the wealthy and poor greater than in France. The French Aristocracy were among the wealthiest individuals in all of Europe. They controlled vast tracts of land, huge amounts of money, and had power that was unchecked by a parliament as in Great Britain.


The poor in France were suffering greatly. They had been abused, mistreated, and ignored. They had been forced to work on the estates of the wealthy with very little pay and in terrible conditions. They were starving, sick, dirty, tired, and growing more resentful with each passing year.
French society was divided into three separate castes known as estates. The first estate was made up of priests and religious leaders. Those belonging to this estate occupied the highest level in French society. The second estate was made up of the nobility, while the third and lowest estate consisted of everyone else, which included over 97% of the population of France.

The First Estate

The first estate was made up of the religious leaders who were in charge of the Church. While these individuals made up only 1% of the total population, they controlled almost 10% of the land in France. This land brought them a great deal of wealth from the products produced on it and in the form of rent from peasants.
·
Those who belonged to this estate also received a tithing, or tax of 10% of all the earnings of those who lived on their land. This tithing was supposed to be utilized to run the Church. However, it was often used to fund the extravagant lifestyles of those who belonged to the first estate.
     
The Second Estate
The second estate of French society was made up of the nobility. These nobles lived on manors which they had inherited. The second estate consisted of about 2% of the total population who owned about 25% of the total land in France.·        
 



These nobles collected dues and rent from the peasants who lived on their lands. This endless source of income allowed them to live a lavish lifestyle.



The Third Estate



By far the largest social group in France was the third estate, making up nearly 97% of the population. Members of this estate had few rights and little political power.


Life was difficult, and it was nearly impossible for them to get ahead. Members of the third estate were required to pay a 10% tithe to the Church, dues to their feudal lord, and a land tax to the king. This left them with little to support their families.


Spanish

Notas Adaptado para Revolución Francesa
Durante siglos, la calidad de vida en Europa había sido determinada por el estado que se celebró. Este estado no pudo ser alcanzado, pero en cambio se determina por la familia a la que nació alguien. Si usted nació en una familia pobre, su vida sería una de la pobreza. No importa lo difícil que un individuo trabajó, era imposible de superar este destino.
Esta brecha entre los ricos y los pobres resentimiento creado. Los que están en la parte inferior vio a los ricos cada vez más ricos crecen, mientras que los pobres no tiene nada.
Luego, en 1776, algo impensable sucedió. Un grupo de personas en la parte inferior de la sociedad se rebeló contra los que estaban en la parte superior, y lo que fue más notable, ganaron. Las colonias británicas en América declaró su independencia y luego ejecutada por vencer de nuevo el ejército más poderoso de la Tierra.

Esto envió ondas de choque a través de Europa, y le dio esperanza a muchos campesinos pobres que querían ver las poderosas aristocracias de Europa caen. Si Estados Unidos podría hacerlo, ¿por qué no podrían? ¿Por qué no podían rebelarse y crear una nueva sociedad, más justa?

En ninguna parte fue la brecha entre el rico y el pobre más que en Francia. La aristocracia francesa fueron algunos de los individuos más ricos de toda Europa. Ellos controlado vastas extensiones de tierra, enormes cantidades de dinero, y tenía el poder que fue desactivada de un parlamento como en Gran Bretaña.

Los pobres en Francia estaban sufriendo mucho. Habían sido abusado, maltratado, e ignorado. Se habían visto obligados a trabajar en las haciendas de los ricos con muy poca paga y en condiciones terribles. Ellos estaban hambrientos, enfermos, sucios, cansados, y creciendo más resentida con cada año que pasa.
Los pobres (tercer estado) apoya las formas de vida de la primera y segunda fincas en el siglo 18 en Francia
La sociedad francés fue dividido en tres castas separadas conocidas como haciendas. El primer estado estaba formado por sacerdotes y líderes religiosos. Los pertenecientes a esta hacienda ocuparon el nivel más alto en la sociedad francesa. El segundo estado se compone de la nobleza, mientras que la tercera y la más baja finca constaba de todos los demás, que incluyó más de 97% de la población de Francia.
El Primer Estado

El primer estado estaba formado por los líderes religiosos que estaban a cargo de la Iglesia. Mientras que estos individuos representan sólo el 1% de la población total, controlaban casi el 10% de la tierra en Francia. Esta tierra les trajo una gran cantidad de riqueza de los productos producidos en él y en la forma de la renta de los campesinos.
· El dinero destinado a ayudar a dirigir la iglesia fue lugar de permanencia en los estilos de vida del clero.
Los que pertenecía a esta finca también recibió un diezmo, o el impuesto de 10% del total de los ingresos de los que vivían en sus tierras. Se suponía que esta diezmo que se utilizarán para ejecutar la Iglesia. Sin embargo, a menudo se utiliza para financiar los estilos de vida extravagantes de los que pertenecían a la primera finca.
   
El Segundo Estado
El segundo estado de la sociedad francesa estaba formada por la nobleza. Estos nobles vivían en mansiones que habían heredado. La segunda finca constaba de alrededor del 2% de la población total que poseía alrededor del 25% del total de tierras en Francia. ·


El lugar más lujoso en Francia fue el Palacio de Versalles, donde vivía la nobleza.
Estos nobles recogieron cuotas y renta de los campesinos que vivían en sus tierras. Esta fuente inagotable de ingresos les permitió vivir un estilo de vida lujoso.

El Tercer Estado

Con mucho, el grupo social más grande de Francia fue el tercer estado, lo que representa casi el 97% de la población. Los miembros de esta finca tenían pocos derechos y poco poder político.
La vida era muy difícil para aquellos en el tercer estado en la sociedad francesa.
La vida era difícil, y que era casi imposible para ellos para salir adelante. Se requiere que los miembros del tercer estado que pagar un diezmo del 10% a la Iglesia, las cuotas a su señor feudal, y un impuesto a la tierra al rey. Esto los deja con poco para apoyar a sus familias

Adapted Notes/Videos Website for Extra Learning

Wednesday, May 6



The Declaration of the Rights of Man


The Declaration of the Rights of Man                                                      Name
Primary Document Reading
Morris 2015
Desk Copy

1.        Read the document below, on your own, and try to understand its meaning.  Underline the things you think are most important.  Put question marks next to things you do not understand.  In one short paragraph, write what you think the introduction means.  Then read the articles and star three that you think are the most important.
2.       Read the document below, a group, highlighting what you think is important and annotating those parts (explaining what you think they mean). 
3.       As a group, re-write the introduction in modern language (as best you can, I don’t expect perfection here)
4.       Rewrite each of the 17 rights in your own words (as a group but each writing). 
5.       Select the three you as a group think are the most important and tell why.  You will be telling the class your reasons tomorrow. 
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
Approved by the National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789
The representatives of the French people, organized as a National Assembly, believing that the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of governments, have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man, in order that this declaration, being constantly before all the members of the Social body, shall remind them continually of their rights and duties; in order that the acts of the legislative power, as well as those of the executive power, may be compared at any moment with the objects and purposes of all political institutions and may thus be more respected, and, lastly, in order that the grievances of the citizens, based hereafter upon simple and incontestable principles, shall tend to the maintenance of the constitution and redound to the happiness of all. Therefore the National Assembly recognizes and proclaims, in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being, the following rights of man and of the citizen:
Articles:
1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.
2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.
3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.
4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.
5. Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law, and no one may be forced to do anything not provided for by law.
6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents.
7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one soliciting, transmitting, executing, or causing to be executed, any arbitrary order, shall be punished. But any citizen summoned or arrested in virtue of the law shall submit without delay, as resistance constitutes an offense.
8. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly and obviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission of the offense.
9. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law.
10. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law.
11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.
12. The security of the rights of man and of the citizen requires public military forces. These forces are, therefore, established for the good of all and not for the personal advantage of those to whom they shall be intrusted.
13. A common contribution is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the cost of administration. This should be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means.
14. All the citizens have a right to decide, either personally or by their representatives, as to the necessity of the public contribution; to grant this freely; to know to what uses it is put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of collection and the duration of the taxes.
15. Society has the right to require of every public agent an account of his administration.
16. A society in which the observance of the law is not assured, nor the separation of powers defined, has no constitution at all.
17. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.


Thursday, May 7

The French Revolution, Part Two
Main Idea:  The French Revolution began under the control of educated moderates who wanted minor change and was then hijacked by the radical Jacobins who wanted total change, death to the monarchy, and a bloodbath.



  • Three groups in the National Assembly
    • Conservatives--wanted slight change--Constitutional Monarchy
    • Moderates--wanted a democracy like the United States
    • Radicals--wanted a complete change at all levels of society
  • Louis XVI tries to escape and is captured and imprisoned with his family
  • Other nations attack France, afraid the revolution could spread
  • Jacobins seize power, the  most radical sect of the left wing.
  • The king is executed for treason 1793
  • Violence spreads
Friday, May 8

First fifteen minutes, finish the Primary Source Activity on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and turn it in.
A few new vocab on the board:

Guillotine--invented by a French doctor, this device was actually a humane alternative to traditional execution with an ax.  It was used  16,000 to 40,0000 times during the French Revolution.
Need to read:   8 Things you didn't know about the guillotine.

Jacobin-- the most radical of the political groups in revolutionary France, the Jacobins were responsible for much of the Reign of Terror.  Finally, the French people, weary of executions and strange laws changing the names of months and so forth, executed Jacobin leaders, such as Robespierre, shown above at the guillotine.

Phrygian Cap-- a cap originally worn by freed Roman slaves, it became the headgear of the French revolutionary.

Marseillaise--The song of the French Revolution, it became the French National Anthem.
Hear the song and see the translation here.
Words frequently used in national anthem lyrics

Monday, May 11
      The French Revolution, Part Three
Main Idea:  The Radicals hijacked the revolution from the moderates, and tried to completely change French society along Humanist principles.  They killed or imprisoned those who disagreed with them in the Reign of Terror, and finally the French were so tired of the killing that they turned on the Jacobins and formed a new government. 

·         Radicals/Jacobins attempt to ‘restore order’ by killing everybody who disagrees with them
·    Sans-culottes:  name for revolutionaries, means did not wear knee britches but long pants
·         Maximilien Robespierre: Jacobin leader of the revolution

·         Extreme changes in French society, from cards to the calendar
·         Committee of Public Safety:  formed by Jacobins to keep order, but persecuted those who disagreed.
·         The Reign of Terror: the time when the Jacobins killed their enemies.  3,000 killed in this short period, over 85% Third Estaters.  40,000 killed altogether in FR.
·         Marie Antoinette guillotined
·         French sick of killing, turn on Robespierre, he is guillotined
·         1795:  New Assembly formed:
     Bicameral legislature
      Five man executive known as Directory
      Needed a military leader to save France, picked Napoleon Bonaparte


                        Excellent video on the Reign of Terror


World History 9 Review Sheet
Revolutions in England and France, Scientific Revolution, Exploration
Morris 2015

Note:  On this test, you will be allowed to use all the notes you can fit on one side of a three inch by five inch piece of paper or a three inch by five inch index card.  The card must be hand-written (and can be as small as you want).  It can not be typed or computer-generated, and cannot be shrunken down by computer.  If you don’t have one on test day, you are out of luck. 

1.       What was the role of Parliament in England?  How had it gained those rights?
2.        Why was Charles I forced to call the Parliament into session?  How long had it been since Parliament had met in England?
3.       What rights did Charles grant to the English people at this meeting? 
4.       Did Charles live up to his end of the bargain?  Why or why not?
5.       What caused the English Civil War? 
6.       Who were the Cavaliers?  Who were the Roundheads?
7.       Who won the English Civil War?  Who became the leader of England?
8.       What happened to Charles after the war?
9.       How did Oliver Cromwell’s religious beliefs effect the lives of people in England?
10.   After a new king was restored to the English throne, what happened to the body of Oliver Cromwell and why?
11.   Was Louis XIV a good king?  How did his actions help bring about the French Revolution? 
12.   Louis XIV repealed the __________________, a law that granted religious freedom to all Frenchmen.  What was the effect of his repeal?
13.   Louis built a giant palace called ________________.  It had ____________ rooms, plus parks and fountains.
14.   Why was Louis called the Sun King?
15.   Why did Louis say “L’etat c’est moi” and what does it mean?
16.   Why did Louis build this palace? 
17.   How did Louis make France weak?
18.   Name the Three Estates in France at the eve of the revolution.  Who was in each estate?
19.   The First Estate was made up of ____________.  It owned ___ percent of the land and paid ___ percent taxes.
20.   The Second Estate was made up of the _____________.  It owned ____ percent of the land and paid ___ taxes.
21.   The Third Estate was made up of ______________________.  The top level of this estate was made up of the _____________________, who were educated, as well as the _____________, who paid as much as ________ percent of their wages in taxes and tithes.
22.   Who was the king at the beginning of the French Revolution?  Who was his wife?
23.   The queen, _________________, was also known as _____________ because she loved to spend money.
24.   What was the Estates General.  What three classes were in it?
25.   Was the Estates General a fair system?  Why or why not?
26.   Why did the Third Estate abandon the Estates General?  What did they form instead?
27.   What is the significance of the Tennis Court Oath?
28.   Who were the bourgeoisie?  What had inspired them to want change in France?
29.   What is the significance of the storming of the Bastille?  What is the Bastille?
30.   Give the month, day and year of the Storming of the Bastille. 
31.   After the Bastille, what did many peasants and serfs do in the feudal manors?
32.   Why did other nations in Europe attack France after the death of Louis XVI?
33.   How was Louis XVI executed?  Why was the guillotine invented?
34.   About _____________ French people died in the revolution, including _____ just during the Reign of Terror.
35.   Why do we call politicians leftists or rightists?  How is it related to the National Assembly in France?
36.   What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?  What influenced it?  What did it say, in general?
37.   The radical group that seized power in France was called the _________________.  One of its main leaders was named ____________________.
38.   During the Reign of Terror, why was the Committee of Public Safety formed, and by whom?
39.   Why did the Jacobins change things like the calendar, playing cards, and religious holidays?
40.   How did Napoleon Bonaparte become well-known in France during the Revolution?
41.   What happened to the Jacobins at the end of the Reign of Terror?  Why?
42.   When the National Assembly was reformed, it had two legislative bodies.  This was called a _______________ legislature.  It also had a ____________ of five men.
43.   Define:
a.       Phrygian cap
b.      Sans cullotte
c.       Marsellaise
d.      Radical
e.      Moderate
f.        Conservative
44.   Critical thinking questions, such as:
a.       Could the French Revolution have been avoided?
b.      Why was the French Revolution more violent than the American Revolution?
c.       Could England have remained a republic without a king if the Puritans had ruled differently?
d.      Are people born with rights or do they only get them from the state?


44.   Scientific Revolution—these will all be matching
a.       Geocentric
b.      Heliocentric
c.       Copernicus
d.      Galileo
e.       Newton
f.       Boyle
g.       Leeuenhoek
h.      Keppler
i.        Jenner
j.        Harvey
45.  Explorers—these will all be matching
a.       Bartolomeo Dias
b.      Vasco de Gama
c.       Prince Henry the Navigator
d.      Magellan
e.       Treaty of Tordesillas
f.       Cortes
g.       Columbus
h.      Caravel
i.        Astrolabe
46.   Why did Europeans look for a sea route to Asia?  Who dominated trade up to that time?
47.  Name several products from Asia and India that Europeans wanted.


**Easter Egg.  Go to Notes on Middle Ages and go to the end and you will find answers to the review sheet.
  

Spanish Review Sheet

Historia del Mundo Hoja 9 Revisión
Las revoluciones en Inglaterra y Francia
Morris 2015

Nota: En esta prueba, se le permitirá utilizar todas las notas que puede caber en un lado de una de tres pulgadas por cinco pulgadas pedazo de papel o una de tres pulgadas con tarjeta de índice de cinco pulgadas. La tarjeta debe ser escrito a mano (y puede ser tan pequeño como usted quiera). No puede ser escrito o generado por ordenador, y no puede ser encogido por ordenador. Si usted no tiene uno el día del examen, usted está de suerte.

1. ¿Cuál fue el papel del Parlamento en Inglaterra? ¿Cómo había adquirido esos derechos?
2. ¿Por qué fue Carlos I obligado a llamar al Parlamento en sesión? ¿Cuánto tiempo había pasado desde que el Parlamento había conocido en Inglaterra?
3. ¿Qué derechos se Charles conceder al pueblo inglés en esta reunión?
4. ¿Charles a la altura de su parte del trato? ¿Por qué o por qué no?
5. ¿Qué causó la Guerra Civil Inglés?
6. ¿Quiénes fueron los Cavaliers? ¿Quiénes fueron los cabezas redondas?
7. ¿Quién ganó la Guerra Civil Inglés? ¿Quién se convirtió en el líder de Inglaterra?
8. ¿Qué pasó con Carlos después de la guerra?
9. ¿Cómo las creencias religiosas de Oliver Cromwell afectan las vidas de la gente en Inglaterra?
10. Después de un nuevo rey fue restaurado en el trono Inglés, ¿qué pasó con el cuerpo de Oliver Cromwell y por qué?
11. ¿Ha sido Luis XIV un buen rey? ¿Cómo sus acciones ayudan a llevar a cabo la Revolución Francesa?
12. Luis XIV revocó el __________________, una ley que concede la libertad religiosa de todos los franceses. ¿Cuál fue el efecto de su derogación?
13. Louis construyó un palacio gigante llamado ________________. Tenía ____________ habitaciones, además de parques y fuentes.
14. ¿Por qué se llama Luis Rey Sol?
15. ¿Por qué dijo Louis "L'état c'est moi" y ¿qué significa?
16. ¿Por qué Louis construir este palacio?
17. ¿Cómo Louis hacen Francia débil?
18. Nombre los tres estamentos en Francia en vísperas de la revolución. ¿Quién estaba en cada finca?
19. El Primer Estado se compone de ____________. Poseía ___ por ciento de la tierra y pagados ___ impuestos por ciento.
20. El Segundo Estado se compone de la _____________. Poseía ____ por ciento de la tierra y pagó ___ impuestos.
21. El Tercer Estado se compone de ______________________. El nivel superior de esta finca se compone de la _____________________, que fueron educados, así como el _____________, que pagó tanto como ________ por ciento de sus salarios en impuestos y diezmos.
22. ¿Quién fue el rey en el comienzo de la Revolución Francesa? ¿Quién era su esposa?
23. La reina, _________________, también era conocido como _____________ porque amaba a gastar dinero.
24. ¿Qué fue los Estados Generales. ¿Qué tres clases eran en ella?
25. ¿Fue el general de estados de un sistema justo? ¿Por qué o por qué no?
26. ¿Por qué el Tercer Estado abandonan los Estados Generales? ¿Qué hicieron ellos forman en su lugar?
27. ¿Cuál es el significado del Juramento del Juego de la Corte?
28. ¿Quiénes eran la burguesía? Lo que les había inspirado a querer el cambio en Francia?
29. ¿Cuál es la importancia de la toma de la Bastilla? ¿Cuál es la Bastilla?
30. Dar el mes, día y año de la Toma de la Bastilla.
31. Después de la Bastilla, ¿qué hicieron muchos campesinos y siervos hacen en los señoríos feudales?
32. ¿Por qué otras naciones de Europa atacan a Francia después de la muerte de Luis XVI?
33. ¿Cómo fue ejecutado Luis XVI? ¿Por qué se inventó la guillotina?
34. Sobre _____________ franceses murieron en la revolución, incluyendo _____ sólo durante el reinado del terror.
35. ¿Por qué llamamos políticos izquierdistas o derechistas? ¿Cómo se relaciona a la Asamblea Nacional en Francia?
36. ¿Cuál fue la Declaración de los Derechos del Hombre? ¿Qué influyó en él? ¿Qué decía, en general?
37. El grupo radical que tomó el poder en Francia fue llamado el _________________. Una de sus principales líderes fue nombrado ____________________.
38. Durante el reinado del terror, ¿por qué fue el Comité de Seguridad Pública formaron, y por quién?
39. ¿Por qué los jacobinos cambiar cosas como el calendario, jugando a las cartas, y las fiestas religiosas?
40. ¿Cómo Napoleón Bonaparte se vuelven muy conocido en Francia durante la Revolución?
41. ¿Qué pasó con los jacobinos al final del reinado del terror? ¿Por qué?
42. Cuando la Asamblea Nacional fue reformada, que tenía dos cuerpos legislativos. Esto se llama una legislatura _______________. También tenía un ____________ de cinco hombres.
43. Definir:
a. Gorro frigio
b. Sans cullotte
c. Marsellesa
d. Radical
e. Moderado
f. Conservador
44. preguntas de pensamiento crítico, tales como:
a. ¿Podría la Revolución Francesa haberse evitado?
b. ¿Por qué fue la Revolución Francesa más violenta que la Revolución Americana?
c. Podría Inglaterra ha mantenido una república sin un rey si los puritanos habían gobernado de manera diferente?
d. ¿Las personas que nacen con derechos y no sólo conseguir que desde el Estado?


44. Revolución Científico-éstos todos se pongan en venta
a. Geocéntrico
b. Heliocéntrico
c. Copérnico
d. Galileo
e. Newton
f. Boyle
g. Leeuenhoek
h. Keppler
yo. Jenner
j. Harvey
45. Exploradores-éstos serán todos pongan en venta
a. Bartolomeo Dias
b. Vasco de Gama
c. Príncipe Enrique el Navegante
d. Magallanes
e. Tratado de Tordesillas
f. Cortes
g. Colón
h. Carabela
yo. Astrolabio
46. ​​¿Por qué los europeos buscan una ruta marítima a Asia? Que dominó el comercio hasta ese momento?
47. Nombre de varios productos procedentes de Asia y la India que los europeos querían.

Wednesday, May 13

Review Day.  Review Study Guide.


Thursday, May 14   Special Guest, Author Katie Cross talks about writing.

Katie Cross is a former student at Clair E. Gale Junior High and Idaho Falls High School who has become a successful independent author.  She will be speaking to Mr. Morris's classes on Thursday.
Katie Cross

Katie Cross's Amazon Author Page

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