The Renaisssance
Monday, April 7
The Renaissance Begins
Main Idea: Due to the Crusades, the Plague and the 100 Years War in the 1300s, Europe changed from a feudal, uneducated society to a secular, nationalistic, humanistic society.
- Renaissance: French for 'rebirth'. The rebirth of Classical learning after the Middle Ages.
- Classical Learning: the learning of ancient Greece and Rome
- Renaissance Time Frame: 1300-1600
- Secular: not religious
- Humanism: the study of classical texts that focused on man's human potential for achievement, knowledge and greatness
- Italy: Ren. started here because of the wealth created there by the Crusades
- Florence: birthplace of the Renaissance.
- Patron: a wealthy person who supports the arts
- Fall of Constantinople (1453)--When it falls to the Muslims, all the learning of the eastern empire moves to Rome.
Tuesday, April 8
Renaissance Art
Main Idea: Renaissance artists used more secular subjects in their art, instead of only religious ones, and they also used realism, perspective, and techniques learned from the Greeks and Romans while coming up with some of their own.
- Realism: art that shows its subject as it really is.
- Secular: not religious. Because Renaissance art was sponsored by humanist patrons instead of the church, it was a lot less religious.
- Perspective: as things get farther away, they get smaller in perfect relation to other things at the same distance.
- Vanishing point: all parallel lines converge to a common point in the distance
- Leonardo da Vinci: great inventor, thinker and artist. His two greatest works of art are the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. The Last Supper is a fresco, painted on wet plaster, and is in danger of flaking off the wall.
Make sure to watch all three videos below if you are absent on lesson day.
Wednesday, April 9
Gutenberg and the Invention of the Printing Press
Main Idea: The invention of the printing press in Germany by Johannes Gutenberg allowed for the fast spread of ideas all over Europe. It also allowed regular people to read books and newspapers for the first time.
- Moveable Type: invented in China, later came to Europe. One block has a raised symbol on it that can be combined with others on a frame to create a page of text. The symbol can then be reused on another page.
- Printing Press: 1455, invented by Johannes Gutenberg, allowed for the quick spread of the written word and ideas. Without the printing press, there could have been no renaissance or reformation.
- By 1500, there were printing presses in 250 European cities, and in just 45 years, more than 9 million books had been printed. Before, every book had to be printing by hand, one letter at a time.
Video: Gutenberg's Printing Press
Thursday, April 9
Martin Luther Leads the Protestant Reformation
Main Idea: New ideas about Christianity began to spread, aided by the printing press. One Roman Catholic priest, a German named Martin Luther, objected to things the church was doing and broke away, forming the first true Protestant chuch.
- Protestant: the name given to any Christian or group of Christians who have broken away from the Roman Catholic church in protest because they disagree with its teachings.
- Reformation: a time when people tried to reform (improve) Christianity.
- Problems in the Catholic Church:
- Corruption (doing bad things) at all levels.
- Indulgences--these were sold to people to make money for the church, especially to pay for the renovation of St. Peter's in Rome
End Part One: Thursday above
For Friday, watch these video clips:
Recommended Viewing if you miss both lessons: The full movie Martin Luther: The Movie
Friday, April 10
Luther's main beliefs:
- The Bible is God's only authority on earth, and it should be in the vernacular, not Latin.
- Salvation (getting to heaven) is only possible through faith, not works.
- All people are equal. No priests are needed.
1. Martin Luther goes to Rome and is shocked at what he thinks is its sinfulness (8: 24)
2. Johann Tetzel comes to town selling indulgences. (31:25)
3. Martin Luther's Trial (1 hour, 8 minutes, 24 seconds--1:08:24)
Rubric for Notebook Check
Third Tri Scoring Rubric
Notebook
Morris
I.
Journal
12 entries, complete sentences, dated, capitalized, punctuated,
answering the question. One point each. __________/12 points
II.
Notes Section
·
Church vs. King Smackdown __________ 5 Points
·
Rise of Islam ___________ 5 Points
·
Crusades: Causes ____________ 5 points
·
Crusades: Effects ____________ 5 Points
·
Changes in Farming, Rise of Towns, Birth of
Guilds ______ 5 Points
·
Anti-Jewish Discrimination in Europe ____ 5 Points
·
The Plague _____ 5 Points
·
Triple Whammy: 100 Years War/Great Schism ____ 5 Points
·
Rise of England and France ___ 5 Points
·
High Middle Ages Study Guide Answers ____ 5 Points
·
Renaissance Begins ____ 5 Points
·
Renaissance Art _____ 5 Points
·
Gutenberg and the Printing Press ____ 5 Points
·
Martin Luther and the Reformation __ 5 Points
·
Other Protestants (Henry VIII, Calvin) ____ 5
Points
·
Total _____/75 Points
III.
Flap Section
·
Course Description ___ /1
point
·
Crusades Map ___/
2 points
·
Pre-Break Quiz ___/
2 points
·
End of Middle Ages Quiz ___/ 2 points
·
Crusades Skeleton Notes ___/ 2 points
·
Renaissance True/False Sheet ___/ 2 points
·
Study Guide for High Middle Ages Quiz ___/ 2 points
·
Total _____________/13 Points
IV.
Add I, II and III together
·
Total for Journal ______
·
Total for Notes
_______
·
Total for Flap
_______
·
Total
Score ______________/100 points
Morris-2015
1.
What does
Renaissance mean?
2.
What was reborn in the Renaissance?
3.
What is classical learning?
4.
What were the years of the Renaissance?
5.
Where did the Renaissance begin and why?
6.
What city did the Renaissance begin in?
7.
What group of people had the money and power in
the early Renaissance? How was this
different from who had power in the Middle Ages?
8.
What does secular mean?
9.
What is a humanist? What does a humanist believe
about life? How is a humanist’s view of
the world different from someone in the Middle Ages?
10.
What is a patron and why were patrons important
to the art and culture of the Renaissance?
11.
What was Renaissance art like? How was it different from medieval art?
12.
What is perspective? What is vanishing point?
13.
What is a Renaissance Man or woman?
14.
Name two of Leonardo’s greatest artworks
15.
For what else is Leonardo da Vinci known? Give two things.
16.
Name two of Michelangelo’s greatest artworks,
and one more for extra credit.
17.
Who was Johannes Gutenberg? Why was he important?
18.
What country was Johannes Gutenberg from?
19.
What was the original use of the machine that
became the first printing press?
20.
How did a printing press work?
21.
What is moveable type and where was it
invented? How did it make printing
easier?
22.
Why is the invention of the printing press so
important in western civilization?
23.
What is the vernacular?
24.
Who was Martin Luther? What was his job? What country was he from?
25.
Why did Martin Luther begin to disagree with the
Roman Catholic Church?
26.
What are the 95 Theses and why are they
important?
27.
What is an indulgence and what was the purpose
of the indulgence?
28.
What happened to Martin Luther after he posted
the 95 Theses?
29.
Who rescued Martin Luther and where did ML go?
30.
What were ML’s three main beliefs about
Christianity?
31.
What is Protestantism? How has it affected U.S. culture?
32.
How did the printing press lead to the rapid
increase of Protestantism?
33.
What language did Martin Luther translate the
Bible into?
34.
Who was John Calvin and where was he from?
35.
What is predestination? How did it affect people’s outlook on life?
36.
What is the Protestant work ethic?
37.
Who was Henry VIII? Where was he from? Why did he break from the Catholic Church?
38.
What church did Henry VIII found? Who was the leader?
39.
What was the Catholic Church’s response to the
Protestant Reformation?
Hard Copy Notes
Renaissance Review Sheet
Morris-2015
1.
What does
Renaissance mean? Rebirth
2.
What was reborn in the Renaissance? Classical learning
3.
What is classical learning? The learning of the
ancient Greeks and Romans
4.
What were the years of the Renaissance?
1300-1600
5.
Where did the Renaissance begin and why? Italy, because of crusades.
6.
What city did the Renaissance begin in? Florence, Medicis.
7.
What group of people had the money and power in
the early Renaissance? How was this
different from who had power in the Middle Ages? Bankers and merchants. Before, it had been vassals and the Church.
8.
What does secular mean? Not religious
9.
What is a humanist? What does a humanist believe
about life? How is a humanist’s view of
the world different from someone in the Middle Ages? A humanist is one who believes in the power
of the human mind to find answers through the use of reason. This is different from a religious mind that finds
answers through God.
10.
What is a patron and why were patrons important
to the art and culture of the Renaissance?
Patrons funded great art by supporting artists of all types.
11.
What was Renaissance art like? How was it different from medieval art? Realistic, depth, more sculpture, more secular
12.
What is perspective? What is vanishing point? Things become smaller as they get farther
away. All parallel lines meet in a
single point.
13.
What is a Renaissance Man or woman? A person who is excellent at all things.
14.
Name two of Leonardo’s greatest artworks. Mona Lisa, Last Supper.
15.
For what else is Leonardo da Vinci known? Give two things. Inventor, scientist.
16.
Name two of Michelangelo’s greatest artworks,
and one more for extra credit. David,
Sistine Chapel ceiling, La Pieta (Mary
holding the dead Christ)
17.
Who was Johannes Gutenberg? Why was he important? German who invented the
printing press.
18.
What country was Johannes Gutenberg from? Germany.
19.
What was the original use of the machine that
became the first printing press? Wine
press
20.
How did a printing press work? Pressed inked letters against paper
21.
What is moveable type and where was it
invented? How did it make printing
easier? Type that can be re-used. China.
You could now print books easily rather than writing each book by hand.
22.
Why is the invention of the printing press so
important in western civilization? It
took the production of books out of the control of the Catholic Church. It allowed for the quick spread of ideas
through cheap, plentiful books.
23.
What is the vernacular? Writing in the spoken language of an area.
24.
Who was Martin Luther? What was his job? What country was he from? A priest who challenged the corruption of the
Catholic Church. Germany.
25.
Why did Martin Luther begin to disagree with the
Roman Catholic Church? He thought one
was saved by Faith not by works or the church.
He disagreed with giving money to the church for indulgences.
26.
What are the 95 Theses and why are they
important? Luther’s 95 disagreements
with the Catholic Church.
27.
What is an indulgence and what was the purpose
of the indulgence? A “ticket to heaven”
28.
What happened to Martin Luther after he posted
the 95 Theses? He got excommunicated and
had to flee.
29.
Who rescued Martin Luther and where did ML
go? A duke in Saxony.
30.
What were ML’s three main beliefs about
Christianity? God ultimate
authority. Saved by faith not
works. No middle man needed.
31.
What is Protestantism? How has it affected U.S. culture? Any Christian church that is not Catholic and
has broken from the Catholic Church. We
were settled and founded by Protestant thinkers.
32.
How did the printing press lead to the rapid
increase of Protestantism? Spread new
religious ideas across Europe.
33.
What language did Martin Luther translate the
Bible into? German.
34.
Who was John Calvin and where was he from? He was a religious teacher from England and
Switzerland who believed in predestination.
35.
What is predestination? How did it effect people’s outlook on
life? The belief that one is saved or
damned before birth. Caused people to
work hard to justify their salvation.
36.
What is the Protestant work ethic? Hard work is a result of God’s blessing as is
success.
37.
Who was Henry VIII? Where was he from? Why did he break from the Catholic
church? English king. Broke over divorce.
38.
What church did Henry VIII found? Who was the leader? Church of England. He was.
39.
What was the Catholic Church’s response to the
Protestant Reformation? They set out to
try to convert people back. They were
partially successful. They also reformed
their bad practices.
Tuesday, April 21
The Scientific Revolution
Main Idea: In the 1500s, European scientists began to question accepted beliefs, using Muslim learning and that of the classical age to assist them. They came up with many brilliant new discoveries using the Scientific Method and new tools such as the microscope and the telescope.Geocentric Theory--the view, held by the Catholic church, that the earth is the center of the universe and that all planets revolve in circular orbits around it.
Renaissance Scholars--begin to question, using Muslim knowledge, new tools, and new humanist beliefs
Heliocentric Theory--Copernicus. the planets revolve around the sun. This was so controversial that he did not release it until shortly before his death.
Kepler--expanded on Copernicus. planets move according to mathematical principles and move in ellipses not circles.
Galileo--believed heliocentric theories, later recanted when threatened by church. Also first good use of telescope.
Francis Bacon-English. Prove it! Scientific Method.
Rene Descartes--French. Skeptic. Same as Bacon. Prove to be true.
Isaac Newton--English. law of gravity. universe is a giant clock run by God.
New Inventions--
- telescope---Leeuwenhoek
- fahrenheit and celsius--mercury thermometer
- William Harvey-- heart is a pump
- Jenner-smallpox vaccine
- Boyle--earth made up of small particles of matter, not the four elements
1. Jenner and the Smallpox Vaccine
2. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and the Microscope
3. Galileo's Telescope
4. Galileo: A Short Biography
Thursday, April 23
Hard Copy of T-Notes
Age of Exploration—Morris
Yellow Words Vocabulary Red Explanations
Humanism encouraged
Europeans to do great things
Crusades encouraged
exploration
Caused
a rebirth in trade with Middle East
Africa and Asia Many
new foods and spices—nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and
pepper gave taste to bland European foods
Italian Merchants controlled
trade with the east
Europeans wanted
to eliminate Italians and Muslims and trade directly
Needed
a sea route to Asia
Wanted
to spread Christianity
Problem no
ship that could sail into the wind
3,000-mile
voyage
Caravel invented
1400s
Triangle
sails, could sail into the wind
Bartolomeu Dias first
to sail around bottom of Africa
Astrolabe allowed
sailors to measure latitude using stars
Portugal first
great exploring nation
Prince Henry the Navigator sailing school for exploration
Portugal settled
west coast of Africa
Christopher Columbus sailed
west to find passage to Asia and India but found Caribbean Islands instead 1492
Vasco de Gama reached
India 1498
27,000-mile
voyage made him a hero
Treaty of Tordesillas 1493 divided all of earth in two between Spain
and Portugal
Eastern products flooded European markets
Ferdinand Magellan 1521 claimed
the Philippines for Spain, sailed
around world
Holland colonized
East Indies and South Africa East India Co.
By
1600 most of N, Central and South America had been claimed
Cortez Mexico
1519-1521
1. How to Tack a Sailboat
2. Dias's Caravel
3. Dias's Journey Around the Cape of Good Hope
4. How to Use an Astrolabe
5. Prince Henry the Navigator
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